Connectors, Connectors, Connectors: Aren't They All the Same?

Using a connector not rated for the application and improper installation is a cause of power interruption in industrial and commercial facilities. This paper provides a primer for proper selection and installation practices to improve electrical distribution system reliability and performance. The goal of any electrical system is to perform functionally for the life of the system. This paper reviews the types and technical characteristics of electrical connectors that are used for distinct functions within the overall electrical system, such as grounding, bonding, and power connections. Environmental considerations such as direct burial, wet locations, and sunlight resistance are addressed. New connector applications such as line side of the service ratings are introduced. The paper also addresses the characteristics of connectors and installation practices for applications over 1000 Volts. Connector installation information, such as torque requirements, finely stranded conductor impacts, hole spacing guides per the National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA) standard, voltage limitations and temperature rating ampacity impacts are outlined.