Exact synthesis of bandpass switched- capacitor LDI ladder filters

Exact design techniques are given for the design of leapfrog switched-capacitor bandpass filters using lossless discrete integrator (LDI)-type building blocks. No assumptions are made regarding the sampling rate except that of satisfying the sampling theorem, and only strays-insensitive circuits are employed. The design techniques derive from a prototype filter employing unit elements. The filters have no lumped counterpart, and cannot be obtained from lumped filters by a transformation or otherwise. They also retain the optimum sensitivity properties of the corresponding passive distributed filters.