Floating negative-impedance converters

Two floating negative-impedance converters (FNICs) using operational amplifers are proposed. Each circuit uses a common-grounded power supply and can simulate floating negative elements. The stability properties of the two circuits are examined. In line with other published grounded NICs, one of the ports is found to be short-circuit stable and the other open-circuit stable. The application of the FNICs for the design of two-directional constant-resistance amplifiers is considered.