Birefringence in curved single-mode optical fibers due to waveguide geometry effect - Perturbation analysis

The field deformation in curved step-index single-mode circular fibers and the birefringence induced by the curved waveguide geometry are analyzed by a perturbation method. We find that the values of the birefringence are proportional to
a^{2}/R_{0}^{2}
and are much less than those induced by stress. A square optical waveguide is also investigated. We find birefringence values of roughly the same order of magnitude as those for the circular waveguide.