Integrated bioelectrical, biochemical, and biomechanical soft computing based model of the bone fracture healing process

Presents an overview of the integrated product of individual bioelectrical, biochemical, and biomechanical models of the bone fracture healing process. Individual models are developed from information found in the open medical research and clinical literature. Using a model reference adaptive control architecture enables emulation of pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) stimulation during the fracture healing process. Soft computing techniques enable abstract realizations of processes either poorly understood or for which little evidence exists. Bioelectrical potential distributions, quantity of viable cell distributions and their metabolic efforts, osteoblastic and osteoclastic potentials and their combined net effective repair/remodeling/regeneration potential, and resonant frequency and Young's modulus variations during fracture healing episodes with or without various osteogenic stimulation protocols are among the modeled parameters and processes.