Real-time service accounting

Offering telematics services to end-users involves inter-domain real-time service provisioning; it therefore can also involve inter-domain real-time service accounting. Recognizing the increasing complexity of accounting services due to the dynamic service usage behavior of end-users, the paper addresses, first, a way to decompose end-to-end service into accountable service components, and second, a way to apply formal modeling and analysis to service component accounting management.