Microwave Subsurface Imaging, Sensing, and Nondestructive Testing Using Metamaterial-Inspired Planar Sensors: Microwave Imaging Using Metamaterial-Inspired Planar Sensors

In the early 1940s, electromagnetic (EM) waves in the RF and microwave frequency range were used to transmit messages between New York and Philadelphia
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. Telecom operators and broadcasters immediately adopted this method because it made data transmission quite easy. Today, recent advances in satellite, cellular, and fiber-optic communication have significantly increased the data delivery rate. In the telecommunications industry, large numbers of RF and microwave technologies integrated with digital transmission have now been adopted. Meanwhile, RF and microwave technologies have also been extensively utilized for non-telecommunications applications, including the imaging and sensing of objects and structures of arbitrary shapes and dimensions. The process of using RF technology for imaging and sensing applications arises from the fact that microwaves can penetrate objects to provide valuable information.