XLPE cable technology for operating voltages of 245 kV and above

The sources of losses, their effects on cables sizing, how they are affected by load growth rates and load shapes, and the economic evaluation of losses are discussed. A slightly different type of loss, the energy costs for operating circulating and cooling equipment for forced-cooled cable systems, is also addressed. Unified consistent methods for the cable engineer and system planner to evaluate the magnitude of losses on a cable system and the costs of those losses are developed. Detailed analyses of the transmission and distribution system addressing the technical and the economic impact of losses is provided.<
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