Methodologies for coupled transient electromagnetic-thermal finite-element modeling of electrical energy transducers

The coupled transient computation of the interacting electromagnetic-thermal fields in electrical energy transducers containing significantly different time constants is discussed. Methodologies to deal with the numerical stiffness, encountered in the magnetic field, thermal field and loss computation, while using standard integration methods, are outlined. Such computation techniques are illustrated using two application examples: a permanent-magnet synchronous machine and a three-phase transformer.