Built-in-test instrumentation and 21 rules of thumb

Built-in-test (BIT) is about measurement, diagnosis, and prognosis. Complex systems today demand effective BIT to remain functional. A case study of a complex helicopter automated target tracker and pilotage system is presented followed by 21 'rules of thumb' design guidelines for BIT systems based on practical experience. Included in the guidelines is advice on voltage measurement and conversion, serial/parallel issues, signal and IEEE test buses, and analog and digital design techniques.