Semiconductor three-dimensional and two-dimensional photonic crystals and devices

Semiconductor three-dimensional (3-D) and two-dimensional (2-D) photonic crystals and their effects on the control of photons are investigated for possible applications to optical chip and functional devices. First we review our approaches creating full 3-D photonic bandgap crystals at near-infrared wavelengths, and also functional devices based on 2-D photonic crystals where the focus is on surface-emitting-type channel-drop filtering devices utilizing single defects in 2-D photonic crystal slabs. Then, we describe the recent progress on 3- and 2-D crystals. On 3-D crystals, the effect of the introduction of a light emitter into the 3-D photonic crystal is investigated, and the design of a single defect cavity is performed. On the 2-D photonic crystals, the photonic states are investigated from the perspective of their polarization properties.