Protein patterning by virtual mask photolithography using micromirror array

Protein patterning on a solid surface is a key technology for the development of biosensors and protein chips. We describe protein patterning techniques using a micromirror array (MMA). We utilized the nitroveratryloxycarbonyl (NVOC) group as a photolabile protecting group for surface patterning so that biomolecules such as proteins can be immobilized on the patterned glass substrate. The light is switched on or off by using MMA and the light pattern is transferred by the pattern of switched-on mirrors. The NVOC group illuminated by the light is removed by chemical reaction. On the other hand, the NVOC group not illuminated still protects the chip surface. The fluorescence intensity profile of the protein patterns on the cleavage sites can be used for the quantification of the immobilized protein to the glass surface. The conditions of NVOC cleavage, protein immobilization and patterning techniques in this research can be used for the fabrication of a protein chip.