Speech Impairment in Parkinson’s Disease: Acoustic Analysis of Unvoiced Consonants in Italian Native Speakers

The study of the influence of Parkinson’s Disease (PD) on vocal signals has received much attention over the last decades. Increasing interest has been devoted to articulation and acoustic characterization of different phonemes.
Method
: In this study we propose the analysis of the Transition Regions (TR) of specific phonetic groups to model the loss of motor control and the difficulty to start/stop movements, typical of PD patients. For this purpose, we extracted 60 features from pre-processed vocal signals and used them as input to several machine learning models. We employed two data sets, containing samples from Italian native speakers, for training and testing. The first dataset - 28 PD patients and 22 Healthy Control (HC) - included recordings in optimal conditions, while in the second one - 26 PD patients and 18 HC - signals were collected at home, using non-professional microphones.
Results
: We optimized two support vector machine models for the application in controlled noise conditions and home environments, achieving 98%±1.1 and 88%±2.8 accuracy in 10-fold cross-validation, respectively.
Conclusion
: This study confirms the high capability of the TRs to discriminate between PD patients and healthy controls, and the feasibility of automatic PD assessment using voice recordings. Moreover, the promising performance of the implemented model discloses the option of voice processing using low-cost devices and domestic recordings, possibly self-managed by the patients themselves.