Technical integration of virtual power plants into German system operation

This paper critically evaluates the operational perspective of Virtual Power Plants (VPP) in Germany by analyzing key factors to replace conventional power plants in the future power system. Therefore, its necessity for the secure operation as well as the technical and economic benefits for the German power system are pointed out. The single sections describe in detail how the requirements on technical functions and standardized communication can be reconciled with the increasing challenges on volatile generation. Furthermore, a new sensitivity calculation concept based on accounting areas and under consideration of VPP are presented. Based on that, different operation concepts are assessed with respect to their mathematical algorithms and their practical feasibility under consideration of given circumstances and future developments.