VANET: Architectures, research issues, routing protocols, and its applications

Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs) is a form of mobile ad hoc network (MANETs)-where frequent changes in wireless network topology happen due to high mobility of vehicles. Routing of data packets in such highly mobile, multi hopped and without dedicated infrastructure environment is a big research challenges which need to be addressed by existing/proposing new solutions. In the past few years, a lot of research has happened targeting the various scenarios for VANET. The objective of this paper is to provide the details of Vehicular Ad Hoc Network basic architectures, present open research challenges, routing techniques present in literature, bio-inspired approaches towards VANET, applications and simulation tools for VANETs.