A comprehensive closed loop supply chain model; environmental, technology and energy concerns

Decision on end-of-life product recovery options is affected by many factors; related to amount usage of appropriate raw materials, energy, environmental factors and etc. This paper provides a model that is different from previous ones in its inclusion of all environmental effective parameters such as raw materials, clean technology, emission, energy, and waste simultaneously. Because of, supplying standard raw material, increasing using clean technology, decreasing amount of emission, optimizing used energy, recycling, and appropriate disposal products methods are required for used goods without damaging the environment by designing an efficient closed-loop supply chain (CLSC) network that as mentioned before, are simultaneously considered in the proposed model. We present a holistic modeling approach for a multiple-objective green CLSC network. The results confirm that by selecting appropriate raw materials, using clean technology and optimizing used energy can minimize manufacturing costs, in addition, they decline disposal products to cause environmental pollution.