A review on smart grid architecture and implementation challenges

The penetration of renewable energy (RE) into existing electricity system is ever increasing from past three decades. The existing electricity grid is not capable enough to handle excess penetration of RE. This is challenging especially due to the variable and intermittent nature of some popular renewable energy sources like wind and solar. In order to handle excess penetration of RE into existing system, a detailed revision in planning, infrastructure development is required. The recent challenge is to have healthy, reliable and smart electrical power transmission and distribution system in order to accommodate distributed generating plants and consumers.