Preload based ADRC physiological controller for rotary blood pump

Active disturbance rejection control (ADRC) has gained popularity because it requires little knowledge about the system to be controlled, has the inherent disturbance rejection ability, and is easy to tune and implement in practical systems. This paper described an ADRC used to regulate the flow of a rotary blood pump in the presence of large activity and pathology states variations. The objective of the ADRC was to regulate the pump flow to track a reference signal, as a function of the preload of the left ventricle. The simulation results demonstrated that ADRC was able to maintain all critical hemodynamic variables, including total peripheral flow, aortic pressure, and left ventricular end diastolic pressure within normal physiological range in the presence of activity (rest to exercise) and pathological (left ventricular strength) variations.