Microstrip Antenna optimization using split ring and complementary split ring resonator

Excellent Electromagnetic performance of Microstrip Antenna motivates researchers for its optimization. The manuscript suggests the technique to miniaturize patch antenna using Split Ring Resonator and Thin Wire Metamaterial. The Unit Cell of SRR and TW is inserted below the patch mounted on the air substrate. The patch without Metamaterial resonates at 6 GHz giving gain of 6 dB over the impedance band of 700 MHz. When the same patch is loaded with SRR and TW magnetic inclusion enhances the permeability which reduces effective operating wavelength. With increase in effective permeability imbalance between electric and magnetic field reduces. Thus reduces operating frequency. The insertion of SRR and TW reduces operating frequency to 1.84 GHz form 6 GHz for the same patch dimensions. At 1.84 GHz as well patch gain is around the 6 dB over the impedance band of 600 MHz. As insertion of magnetic material changes permeability, proper orientation of SRR can be adjusted to maintain mode of an antenna to obtain desired antenna radiation efficiency. The experimental results shows good agreement to the simulated one. The measured miniaturization factor is approximately 65 %. The main limitation of the proposed technique is that it operates over the narrow band of frequencies as Metamaterial is basically narrow band in nature.