Study on the Nuclear Power Plants coastal defense against extreme sea hazards attacks

With the increasing tendency of natural hazards, the typhoon, hurricane and tropical cyclone induced surge, wave, precipitation, flood and wind as extreme external loads menaced Nuclear Power Plants (NPP) in coastal provinces of China. For all of constructed NPP in China the National Nuclear Safety Administration of China and IAEA recommended Probable Maximum Hurricane /Typhoon/(PMH/T), Probable Maximum Storm Surge (PMSS), Probable Maximum Flood (PMF), Design Basis Flood (DBF) as safety regulations are used for NPP site evaluation installations and coastal defense infrastructures. This paper compare our proposed multivariate compound extreme value distribution (CEVD and MCEVD) with IAEA 2006-2011 recommended safety regulation for NPP coastal defense infrastructures along China coast. 2005 hurricane Katrina and 2012 hurricane Sandy induced disasters proved 1982 CEVD and 2006 MCEVD predicted extreme hazards in New Orleans and New Jersey areas. 2013 typhoon Fitow induced typhoon disaster in China also proved MCEVD 2004-2006 predicted results. The first and second costliest hurricane disasters in United States history occurred only in the past seven years. 2008 Typhoon Saomai induced 3.76 m storm surges and 7 m waves which caused 240 deaths, sunk 952 ships and damaged 1594 in Shacheng harbor. If typhoon Saomai had landed 2 hours later, then the simultaneous occurrence of the typhoon surge and high spring tide with 7 m wave would have inundated most areas of the Zhejiang and Fujian provinces, where Qinshan NPP were located. Extreme typhoon hazards menaced some constructed NPP coastal defense designed by traditional safety regulations.