A 1 V second-order sigma-delta modulator

This paper presents a low-power, low-voltage second-order /spl Sigma//spl Delta/ modulator operating from a 1 V power supply. The modulator is implemented in a 0.5 /spl mu/m CMOS process with 0.32 V threshold voltage transistors. The modulator achieves a dynamic range of 14 bits for an input bandwidth of 7 kHz while dissipating only 425 /spl mu/W.