Economic signals in grid tariffs for residential grid users

The current changes in the distribution grid lead to discussions about usage of demand response (DR). DR could be controlled by signals in the grid tariffs. For the distribution system operator (DSO) two areas fall together: tariff setting and demand response. This paper categorizes proposals for grid tariff schemes and compares them based on the objectives of the DSO and constraints for tariff setting. As a result, one-off incentives combined with a handover of control currently seem best suited.