Ultrashort pulsed electric fields induce membrane phospholipid translocation and caspase activation: differential sensitivities of Jurkat T lymphoblasts and rat glioma C6 cells
Vernier, P.T.; Aimin Li; Marcu, L.; Craft, C.M.; Gundersen, M.A.
Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, IEEE Transactions on
Volume 10, Issue 5, Oct. 2003 Page(s): 795 - 809
Digital Object Identifier 10.1109/TDEI.2003.1237329
Summary: Megavolt-per-meter electric pulses with durations shorter than charging time constants associated with external cell membrane dielectric properties can generate significant voltages on the membranes of intracellular structures. Nanosecond-duration, high-field (2-4 MV/m) pulses are not immediately lethal to cells and do not produce the conductive openings in the cytoplasmic membrane associated with long-pulse, low-field electroporation, but can induce profound physiological changes, including apoptosis (programmed cell death). We demonstrate rapid, non-destructive, field-dependent translocation of the plasma membrane inner leaflet phospholipid phosphatidylserine in Jurkat T lymphocytes, and we show that cells which exhibit a similar geometry in suspension, rat glioma C6 cells, are highly resistant to these pulses and respond differently even to much higher doses.
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