Error spreading: a perception-driven approach to handling error incontinuous media streaming
Varadarajan, S.; Ngo, H.Q.; Srivastava, J.
Networking, IEEE/ACM Transactions on
Volume 10, Issue 1, Feb 2002 Page(s):139 - 152
Digital Object Identifier 10.1109/90.986585
Summary:With the growing popularity of the Internet, there is increasing
interest in using it for audio and video transmission. Perceptual
studies of audio and video viewing have shown that viewers find bursty
losses, mostly caused by congestion, to be the most annoying
disturbance, and hence these are critical issues to be addressed for
continuous media streaming applications. Classical error handling
techniques have mostly been geared toward ensuring that the transmission
is correct, with no attention to timeliness. For isochronous traffic
like audio and video, timeliness is a key criterion, and given the high
degree of content redundancy, some loss of content is quite acceptable.
We introduce the concept of error spreading, which is a transformation
technique that permutes the input sequence of packets (from a continuous
stream of data) before transmission. The packets are unscrambled at the
receiving end. The transformation is designed to ensure that bursty
losses in the transformed domain get spread all over the sequence in the
original domain, thus improving the perceptual quality of the stream.
Our error spreading idea deals with both cases where the stream has or
does not have inter-frame dependencies. We next describe a continuous
media transmission protocol and experimentally validate its performance
based on this idea. We also show that our protocol can be used
complementary to other error handling protocols
View citation and abstract |
Cart
