MPEG-4 standardized methods for the compression of arbitrarilyshaped video objects
Brady, N.
Circuits and Systems for Video Technology, IEEE Transactions on
Volume 9, Issue 8, Dec 1999 Page(s):1170 - 1189
Digital Object Identifier 10.1109/76.809154
Summary:MPEG-4 is the most recent standard for audio-visual representation
to be published by the International Organization for Standardization.
One of the many new features of MPEG-4 is its ability to represent
two-dimensional video objects of arbitrary shape. For this purpose,
MPEG-4 uses the conventional motion-compensated discrete cosine
transform syntax for color/texture coding and augments this with an
explicit compressed representation of the video object's shape. This
paper is intended as a tutorial in the means of encoding and decoding
arbitrarily shaped video objects as specified by MPEG-4. The major
emphasis of the paper is on explaining the compression technology
associated with the normative shape representation, i.e., block-based
context-based arithmetic encoding, but some new aspects associated with
arbitrarily shaped texture coding are also highlighted. The MPEG-4
specifications are presented in an informal way, and the motivations
underlying the algorithm are clarified. In addition, effective methods
are suggested for performing many of the nonnormative encoding tasks,
and several encoding performance tradeoffs are illustrated
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