Using linear programming to Decode Binary linear codes
Feldman, J.; Wainwright, M.J.; Karger, D.R.
Information Theory, IEEE Transactions on
Volume 51, Issue 3, March 2005 Page(s): 954 - 972
Digital Object Identifier 10.1109/TIT.2004.842696
Summary:A new method is given for performing approximate maximum-likelihood (ML) decoding of an arbitrary binary linear code based on observations received from any discrete memoryless symmetric channel. The decoding algorithm is based on a linear programming (LP) relaxation that is defined by a factor graph or parity-check representation of the code. The resulting "LP decoder" generalizes our previous work on turbo-like codes. A precise combinatorial characterization of when the LP decoder succeeds is provided, based on pseudocodewords associated with the factor graph. Our definition of a pseudocodeword unifies other such notions known for iterative algorithms, including "stopping sets," "irreducible closed walks," "trellis cycles," "deviation sets," and "graph covers." The fractional distance dfrac of a code is introduced, which is a lower bound on the classical distance. It is shown that the efficient LP decoder will correct up to ┌dfrac/2┐-1 errors and that there are codes with dfrac=Ω(n1-ε). An efficient algorithm to compute the fractional distance is presented. Experimental evidence shows a similar performance on low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes between LP decoding and the min-sum and sum-product algorithms. Methods for tightening the LP relaxation to improve performance are also provided.
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