The PIM architecture for wide-area multicast routing
Deering, S.; Estrin, D.L.; Farinacci, D.; Jacobson, V.; Ching-Gung Liu; Liming Wei
Networking, IEEE/ACM Transactions on
Volume 4, Issue 2, Apr 1996 Page(s):153 - 162
Digital Object Identifier 10.1109/90.490743
Summary:The purpose of multicast routing is to reduce the communication
costs for applications that send the same data to multiple recipients.
Existing multicast routing mechanisms were intended for use within
regions where a group is widely represented or bandwidth is universally
plentiful. When group members, and senders to those group members, are
distributed sparsely across a wide area, these schemes are not
efficient; data packets or membership report information are
occasionally sent over many links that do not lead to receivers or
senders, respectively. We have developed a multicast routing
architecture that efficiently establishes distribution trees across wide
area internets, where many groups will be sparsely represented.
Efficiency is measured in terms of the router state, control message
processing, and data packet processing, required across the entire
network in order to deliver data packets to the members of the group.
Our protocol independent multicast (PIM) architecture: (a) maintains the
traditional IP multicast service model of receiver-initiated membership,
(b) supports both shared and source-specific (shortest-path)
distribution trees, (c) is not dependent on a specific unicast routing
protocol, and (d) uses soft-state mechanisms to adapt to underlying
network conditions and group dynamics. The robustness, flexibility, and
scaling properties of this architecture make it well-suited to large
heterogeneous internetworks
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