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Efficient kernel density estimation using the fast gauss transform with applications to color modeling and tracking Elgammal, A.; Duraiswami, R.; Davis, L.S. Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, IEEE Transactions on Volume 25, Issue 11, Nov. 2003 Page(s): 1499 - 1504 Digital Object Identifier 10.1109/TPAMI.2003.1240123 Summary: Many vision algorithms depend on the estimation of a probability density function from observations. Kernel density estimation techniques are quite general and powerful methods for this problem, but have a significant disadvantage in that they are computationally intensive. In this paper, we explore the use of kernel density estimation with the fast Gauss transform (FGT) for problems in vision. The FGT allows the summation of a mixture of ill Gaussians at N evaluation points in O(M+N) time, as opposed to O(MN) time for a naive evaluation and can be used to considerably speed up kernel density estimation. We present applications of the technique to problems from image segmentation and tracking and show that the algorithm allows application of advanced statistical techniques to solve practical vision problems in real-time with today's computers. » View citation and abstract



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